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THE ENEMIES OF SCIENCE: Why We Believe What We Believe

Free episodes:

Christopher O'Brien

Back in the Saddle Aginn
Staff member
[Interesting interview w/ Will Storr, author of The Unpersuadables: Adventures with the Enemies of Science. The interview dovetails nicely w/ out current show w/ parapsychologist George Hanson –chris]

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Interview HERE:

[Excerpt]

Alex Tsakiris: ...There’s a number of people who I’ve interviewed, really some of the top consciousness researchers in the world, and there’s a completely different theory about consciousness – since we really don’t’ know how consciousness is created. Whether [that is] it’s created in the brain or whether…the brain is like a receiver/transceiver that somehow is tuning into consciousness. But the best evidence we have is some of the evidence you stumbled across in your demonology experiment. But when you [explore this kind of phenomena in] a lab or clinic, you look at NDE, or terminal lucidity, all these things have been done in hospitals…[the experts] say “Hey, clearly our relationship between brain and consciousness isn’t what we think it is.” It isn’t this 1:1 [correspondence] thing…there’s a bunch of good research done in UK on psychedelics…psilocybin…we give someone…a heroic dose of psilocybin, to use a Terence McKenna’s term, and their brain is supposed to be firing off like crazy because they’re having this incredibly hyper-lucid experience. And we find the opposite. We find that the brain is shutting down at different parts, as if it’s tuning into some consciousness from the outside. I don’t need to sell you that whole thing; I just need to come back…

Will Storr: That’s interesting…

Alex Tsakiris: …and point out what would that paradigm shift mean to that whole debate that you’re just reporting on? It would just throw it in the dustbin of history, and the history of science…it isn’t about the brain, it’s about this other aspect of…you mentioned Sheldrake…akin to some field out there, field-event, whatever the answer would be. What’s the old analogy? You’re climbing the ladder of knowledge but you’re leaned up against the wrong wall so it’s never going to work. I think we have to consider that we’re not going to get there from here with the methods and tools that we have in place. What are your thoughts on that?

Will Storr: …Consciousness…that kind of level of neuroscience is extremely complex. And when you drill down and review the arguments between the people who believe in the non-local ideas vs. materialistic ideas, it quickly becomes far too complex for the layman to understand…in my experience…you get the sense that people are arguing about very advanced statistical methods that actually they have no idea about. What they’re doing is picking sides and picking an expert…we pick the professor who argues for our case. But my other thought about that goes back to a chapter I actually did on History. It was about Holocaust deniers…the main peg of the evidence for this [allegedly]…is there isn’t a document, there isn’t a magic-bullet document where he signs saying “Yes, I agree with the Holocaust. I order the Holocaust.”…[but the truth is] as Historians we don’t look for the magic-bullet. We look for a convergence or a nexus of evidence…I love that…because it speaks to me on the brain wars debate as well. I think there can be a million Rupert Sheldrakes, but they’re so emotional in that sphere of [science-as-we-know-it] that they’re not going to [let it] get anywhere. [People like Sheldrake are] always going to be ignored no matter how sound their evidence seems… REST OF INTERVIEW HERE:
 
So it doesn't matter so much what the neurons are made of. It's how they're organized and wired together.

Koch: Correct. Unless you believe in some magic substance attached to our brain that exudes consciousness, which certainly no scientist believes, then what matters is not the stuff the brain is made of, but the relationship of that stuff to each other. It's the fact that you have these neurons and they interact in very complicated ways. In principle, if you could replicate that interaction, let's say in silicon on a computer, you would get the same phenomena, including consciousness.

The Nature of Consciousness: How the Internet Could Learn to Feel - The Atlantic

And i have a real problem with conclusions drawn from psychedelics.

How do you validate anything that comes from that ?

How do you differentiate between "data" and the fluffy pink gophers that are doing the happy dance on the furniture ?
 
"So it doesn't matter so much what the neurons are made of. It's how they're organized and wired together."

"Koch: Correct. . . . what matters is not the stuff the brain is made of, but the relationship of that stuff to each other. It's the fact that you have these neurons and they interact in very complicated ways. In principle, if you could replicate that interaction, let's say in silicon on a computer, you would get the same phenomena, including consciousness."

Not proved.


"Unlike life and stars, which by definition inhabit the physical world, consciousness is the medium by which we come to know of the physical world. Our very concept of physical matter is determined by the conscious sensations we experience. Therefore our concept of physical matter cannot offer an explanation of consciousness, for it takes that phenomenon for granted. We presuppose that it is its effects on our conscious sensations that determine our belief in physical matter. A bold scientific conclusion would be that our understanding of the physical world must be explained in terms of our conscious experience." -- extracted from a comment following that interview by Scott Mahrle.[/QUOTE]
 
Not proved doesnt by extension prove a magic mechanism either

And as for Alex in the OP.......

Lets look at how he paints his picture

He starts with


we really don’t’ know how consciousness is created

Fair enough but then......
He cites a "demonology" experiment as best evidence

the best evidence we have is some of the evidence you stumbled across in your demonology experiment.

And then contradicts his opening statement with an absolute


clearly our relationship between brain and consciousness isn’t what we think it is.” It isn’t this 1:1 [correspondence] thing

Citing hallucinogens as another example of good evidence.

Lets look at what he's really done with this.

He's got a pet theory.
He starts by eliminating any competition, cleaning the slate with

we really don’t’ know how consciousness is created

And then inserts his pet theory as an absolute, citing "best evidence" a demonology experiment and hallucinogens.......


:rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes::rolleyes:
 
I don't understand why there is such a big deal over consciousness.Its my personal view it is a evolved tool within the brain to keep us alive.For example being able to reflect on things enables adjustment and adaption on many things which in turn help us stay alive.

One way to see that consciousness is part of the brain is the progression of Alzheimer's disease.You can see how bit by bit it fades away and then goes forever.Its very sad and scary,though it does show us that consciousness is part of how the brain works.
 
Not proved doesnt by extension prove a magic mechanism either.

I'm not saying it does. I am saying that theories or hypotheses about 'artificial consciousness' should not be stated as facts, as Koch did in that 2012 statement. He would likely not make the same claim today, given the paper he coauthored with Tononi this year.
 
I'm not saying it does. I am saying that theories or hypotheses about 'artificial consciousness' should not be stated as facts, as Koch did in that 2012 statement. He would likely not make the same claim today, given the paper he coauthored with Tononi this year.
I have a bit of a problem with the whole notion of the label of "artificial". It carries with it an implied fakeness, something of lesser value, and in the case of intelligence that carries along with it biases about intelligence that have disturbing consequences, like in the StarTrek TNG clip I posted. If something is intelligent then value judgements about it based on artificiality shouldn't be relevant. Similarly value judgements based on sentience shouldn't be based on artificiality either. An intelligent sentient being is an intelligent sentient being. Assigning value based on artificiality is no better than assigning value based on skin color. BTW I'm not saying you are personally assigning any such biased judgement based on artificiality. I'm just posting thoughts.
 
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