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My takeaway on Keel is that he was an entertainer first and foremost. I have a great deal of respect and admiration for him, however I recognize him for what he was, a sensationalist writer. You are welcome to your own opinion of him, of course.
Don Ecker did an excellent interview with him in which he makes a few surprising admissions. I don't have a link, but I 'm sure it can be easily found.
Which is at odds with your instinctive grasp of schrodengers cat , indeed it was Intended as a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation.
The cat is either dead or alive in accordance with the mechanism as described, the observer has no effect at all.
Like wise reality is independent of your conciousness, if a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to see it, it makes the same noise as if someone were.
Our version of reality is skewed by our perceptions, but the reality goes about its business regardless of our perceptual limitations, for example Its raining neutrinos
Billions of them raining down on you as we speak, that you do not observe them is of no importance
100 billion neutrinos per cm2 per second rain on us to be as exact as one can with this
Whats contained between our ears is the sum total of our sensory bandwidth, not reality itself
This is wrong. The only thing pertinent *is* our observation of the cat being dead or alive, with the chamber sealed, we have NO IDEA OF WHAT THE REALITY CONTAINED THEREIN REPRESENTS due to the nature of super position's effect on reality. DO YOU UNDERSTAND THIS?
Schrödinger’s Cat explained - TelegraphCommon sense tells us this is not the case, and Schrödinger used this to highlight the limits of the Copenhagen interpretation when applied to practical situations. The cat is actually either dead or alive, whether or not it has been observed.
“[It] prevents us from so naively accepting as valid a "blurred model" for representing reality,” Schrödinger wrote. “
http://www.mtnmath.com/faq/meas-qm-3.htmlIn 1935 Schrödinger published an essay describing the conceptual problems in QM
We know (at least most of us know) that the cat in the box is dead, alive or dying and not in a smeared out state between the alternatives
This article may be too technical for most readers to understand
Mike,
Please stop pretending you are doing anything other than bolstering perspective consensus and opinion here. Just admit that you don't "get it", or that you simply have chosen to entertain an alternate view. What you personally think is meaningless with respect to super position. This is science Mike, and no, you didn't write that book either. You don't claim to be right, yet you go out of your way to state that others are wrong. Explain that to me apart from your ego defending itself. The TRUTH is that the nature of what is happening in the box/chamber prior to observation is non specific. Uncertain. End of story.
Whether or not the scientist opens the box is irrelevant the cat is either alive or dead, not a superposition of the two states.
"I do not like it, and I am sorry I ever had anything to do with it."
-Erwin Schrödinger, speaking of quantum mechanics
This thought experiment is widely misunderstood. It was meant (by both Einstein and Schrödinger) to suggest that quantum mechanics describes the simultaneous (and obviously contradictory) existence of a live and dead cat
Erwin Schrödinger's intention for his infamous cat-killing box was to discredit certain non-intuitive implications of quantum mechanics
Einstein and Schrödinger did not like the fundamental randomness implied by quantum mechanics. They wanted to restore determinism to physics. Indeed Schrödinger's wave equation predicts a perfectly deterministic time evolution of the wave function
This thought experiment is widely misunderstood
The TRUTH is that the nature of what is happening in the box/chamber prior to observation is non specific. Uncertain. .
This culminates in the famous Schroedinger's cat thought experiment, which shows the logical contradictions in trying to apply the Schroedinger wavefunction literally
Touching again on the many worlds hypothesis and why i dont think its likely
If quantum theory indicates that the atom is both decayed and not decayed, then the many worlds interpretation concludes that there must exist two universes: one in which the particle decayed and one in which it did not. The universe therefore branches off each and every time that a quantum event takes place
In this interpretation, every time a "random" event takes place, the universe splits between the various options available. Each separate version of the universe contains a different outcome of that event. Instead of one continuous timeline, the universe under the many worlds interpretation looks more like a series of branches splitting off of a tree limb.
The Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics, which proposes that the situation actually branches off into many worlds. In some of these worlds the cat will be dead upon opening the box, in others the cat will be alive. While fascinating to the public, and certainly to science fiction authors, the Many Worlds Interpretation is also a minority view among physicists
Again can you imagine the energy involved at just the atomic decay level ?
Let alone such events such as the wind on a blade of grass type scenario's does the grass stem break or bend ? it does both and two entirely seperate universes are born of the event.....
Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) - What is the Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Physics?
At any one time, the sum total of all reality is contained between our ears. That includes everyone you meet. Apart from personal experience, they do not exist. .
Reality is subjective and does NOT exist apart from yourself or the human condition. Absolutely impossible to prove otherwise.
The thought experiment illustrates this apparent paradox. Our intuition says that no observer can be in a mixture of states—yet the cat, it seems from the thought experiment, can be such a mixture. Is the cat required to be an observer, or does its existence in a single well-defined classical state require another external observer? Each alternative seemed absurd to Albert Einstein, who was impressed by the ability of the thought experiment to highlight these issues. In a letter to Schrödinger dated 1950, he wrote:
You are the only contemporary physicist, besides Laue, who sees that one cannot get around the assumption of reality, if only one is honest. Most of them simply do not see what sort of risky game they are playing with reality—reality as something independent of what is experimentally established. Their interpretation is, however, refuted most elegantly by your system of radioactive atom + amplifier + charge of gunpowder + cat in a box, in which the psi-function of the system contains both the cat alive and blown to bits. Nobody really doubts that the presence or absence of the cat is something independent of the act of observation.[4]
However, one of the main scientists associated with the Copenhagen interpretation,
Niels Bohr, never had in mind the observer-induced collapse of the wave function, so that Schrödinger's cat did not pose any riddle to him. The cat would be either dead or alive long before the box is opened by a conscious observer.[6] Analysis of an actual experiment found that measurement alone (for example by a Geiger counter) is sufficient to collapse a quantum wave function before there is any conscious observation of the measurement.[7] The view that the "observation" is taken when a particle from the nucleus hits the detector can be developed into objective collapse theories. The thought experiment requires an "unconscious observation" by the detector in order for magnification to occur..
And for the paranormal visual learners in the audence here is the true story of Schrödinger's Cat. In some ways it represents the discussion above as in, when you look carefully at the discussion Mike is right 50% of the time and Jeff is right 50% of the time, or something like that. I can't tell; it's too entangling. Ba-Dump-Bump! Chhhssssssss!!!
Stephen Hawking is famously quoted as saying "When I hear about Schrodinger's cat, I reach for my gun." This represents the thoughts of many physicists, because there are several aspects the thought experiment that bring up issues. The biggest problem with the analogy is that quantum physics typically only operates on the microscopic scale of atoms and subatomic particles, not on the macroscopic scale of cats and poison vials.
If the Copenhagen interpretation suggests the radioactive material can have simultaneously decayed and not decayed in the sealed environment, then it follows the cat too is both alive and dead until the box is opened
Common sense tells us this is not the case, and Schrödinger used this to highlight the limits of the Copenhagen interpretation when applied to practical situations. The cat is actually either dead or alive, whether or not it has been observed.
“[It] prevents us from so naively accepting as valid a "blurred model" for representing reality,” Schrödinger wrote. “
The experiment was designed to illustrate the flaws of the ‘Copenhagen interpretation’ of quantum mechanics, which states that a particle exists in all states at once until observed.
In 1935 Schrödinger published an essay describing the conceptual problems in QM .
One can even set up quite ridiculous cases. A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following diabolical device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small that perhaps in the course of one hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer which shatters a small flask of hydrocyanic acid. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has decayed. The first atomic decay would have poisoned it. The Psi function for the entire system would express this by having in it the living and the dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.
It is typical of these cases that an indeterminacy originally restricted to the atomic domain becomes transformed into macroscopic indeterminacy, which can then be resolved by direct observation. That prevents us from so naively accepting as valid a ``blurred model'' for representing reality. In itself it would not embody anything unclear or contradictory. There is a difference between a shaky or out-of-focus photograph and a snapshot of clouds and fog banks.
We know that superposition of possible outcomes must exist simultaneously at a microscopic level because we can observe interference effects from these. We know (at least most of us know) that the cat in the box is dead, alive or dying and not in a smeared out state between the alternatives. When and how does the model of many microscopic possibilities resolve itself into a particular macroscopic state? When and how does the fog bank of microscopic possibilities transform itself to the blurred picture we have of a definite macroscopic state. That is the measurement problem and Schrödinger's cat is a simple and elegant explanations of that problem
Even without a mechanical recorder, the cat's death sets in motion biological processes that constitute an equivalent, if gruesome, recording. When a dead cat is the result, a sophisticated autopsy can provide an approximate time of death, because the cat's body is acting as an event recorder. There never is a superposition (in the sense of the simultaneous existence) of live and dead cats.
The paradox points clearly to the Information Philosophy solution to the problem of measurement. Human observers are not required to make measurements. In this case, the cat is the observer.
In most physics measurements, the new information is captured by apparatus well before any physicist has a chance to read any dials or pointers that indicate what happened. Indeed, in today's high-energy particle interaction experiments, the data may be captured but not fully analyzed until many days or even months of computer processing establishes what was observed. In this case, the experimental apparatus is the observer.
And, in general, the universe is its own observer, able to record (and sometimes preserve) the information created.
The basic assumption made in Schrödinger's cat thought experiments is that the deterministic Schrödinger equation describing a microscopic superposition of decayed and non-decayed radioactive nuclei evolves deterministically into a macroscopic superposition of live and dead cats.
But since the essence of a "measurement" is an interaction with another system (quantum or classical) that creates information to be seen (later) by an observer, the interaction between the nucleus and the cat is more than enough to collapse the wave function. Calculating the probabilities for that collapse allows us to estimate the probabilities of live and dead cats. These are probabilities, not probability amplitudes. They do not interfere with one another.
After the interaction, they are not in a superposition of states. We always have either a live cat or a dead cat, just as we always observe a complete photon after a polarization measurement and not a superposition of photon states, as P.A.M.Dirac explains so simply and clearly.
The reason the alive-and-dead cat sounds ridiculous is because it was meant to. Schrödinger’s 1935 thought experiment was intended to show what he considered to be the absurdity of a particular interpretation of quantum mechanics. He imagined shutting a live cat in a box containing what he called a “diabolical mechanism”, which, depending on an event that can’t be predicted, would either kill or not kill the animal. If the theory accepted by most of his colleagues were taken to its logical conclusion, the cat would at some point be neither wholly alive nor wholly dead – and would only become either alive or dead at the moment that an observer looked inside the box. This, Schrödinger pointed out, was just plain silly, and therefore the theory must be incomplete