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Consciousness and the Paranormal — Part 10

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This is a short piece that I think goes along with your recent posts and your notes here in particular:

Thomas Nagel: Thoughts Are Real

Excellent essay. Thanks for putting me in such good company. I do agree with everything Nagel says. I think that you too are a member of his tribe. I want to affirm this extract in particular:

"Nagel’s thesis has, I think, similarly radical consequences for philosophy itself. His argument implies that consciousness—indeed, mental life, whether conscious or not—is not atomic but holistic: there is no such thing as a piece or an atom of experience, but, rather, a mind at a given moment is flooded with an incalculable number of perceptions, memories, ideas, judgments, and desires. Even enumerating them in the plural is a little silly, because it implies the ability to isolate them as singular events or things. Therefore, philosophy, in order to account for mental life, will need to turn aside from isolated experiments in logic and argumentation in favor of rough-edged, life-sized chunks—historical events and figures, works of art, artists themselves, cities, countries, languages, human dramas of all sorts, lived or imagined."
 
Further concerning visual cognition:

Cognition. 1998 Jan;65(2-3):231-62.

Reuniting perception and conception.
Goldstone RL1, Barsalou LW.

Author information
Abstract

Work in philosophy and psychology has argued for a dissociation between perceptually-based similarity and higher-level rules in conceptual thought. Although such a dissociation may be justified at times, our goal is to illustrate ways in which conceptual processing is grounded in perception, both for perceptual similarity and abstract rules. We discuss the advantages, power and influences of perceptually-based representations. First, many of the properties associated with amodal symbol systems can be achieved with perceptually-based systems as well (e.g. productivity). Second, relatively raw perceptual representations are powerful because they can implicitly represent properties in an analog fashion. Third, perception naturally provides impressions of overall similarity, exactly the type of similarity useful for establishing many common categories. Fourth, perceptual similarity is not static but becomes tuned over time to conceptual demands. Fifth, the original motivation or basis for sophisticated cognition is often less sophisticated perceptual similarity. Sixth, perceptual simulation occurs even in conceptual tasks that have no explicit perceptual demands. Parallels between perceptual and conceptual processes suggest that many mechanisms typically associated with abstract thought are also present in perception, and that perceptual processes provide useful mechanisms that may be co-opted by abstract thought.

Reuniting perception and conception. - PubMed - NCBI

I couldn't find this paper online (free, I mean ;-) but I found this research topic:

Linking perception and cognition

that discusses a 2011 paper by Goldstone and other papers in context:

Linking perception and cognition
Arnon Cahen1* and Michela C. Tacca2
  • 1Department of Philosophy, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
  • 2Department of Philosophy, Heinich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

As our primary mode of contact with the world, perception is the causal and informational foundation for our higher cognitive functions—it guides our thinking about and acting upon the world. It is therefore unsurprising that so much empirical and theoretical research is devoted to the study of the complex interrelations between perception and cognition. Nor is it surprising that such research spans traditional disciplinary boundaries and attracts the interest and efforts of researchers from the full spectrum of the cognitive sciences, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and others. This Research Topic aims to contribute to this expansive research project—the exploration of the perception/cognition interface—while respecting its essentially interdisciplinary character.

...

perception is suffused by cognition

Goldstone et al. (2011) investigate a specific perceptual mechanism that might be influenced by cognition: the extraction of distant similarities. They suggest that high-level cognition directs attention so as to modulate what they call “categorical perception.” They argue that perception is plastic and that “it is not just perceptual sensitivities that are driving the categories, but rather the acquired categories are also driving perceptual sensitivities, (p. 385).” They further emphasize: “There is little, if any, gap between perception and high-level cognition because perceptual systems adapt to fit the needs of high-level cognition, (p. 385).” Perception is suffused by cognition. Goldstone et al.'s account is based on the so-called feature-based approach to concepts; namely, the idea that concepts are composed of perceptual stimuli.
 
I couldn't find this paper online (free, I mean ;-) but I found this research topic:

Linking perception and cognition

that discusses a 2011 paper by Goldstone and other papers in context:

Linking perception and cognition
Arnon Cahen1* and Michela C. Tacca2
  • 1Department of Philosophy, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
  • 2Department of Philosophy, Heinich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

As our primary mode of contact with the world, perception is the causal and informational foundation for our higher cognitive functions—it guides our thinking about and acting upon the world. It is therefore unsurprising that so much empirical and theoretical research is devoted to the study of the complex interrelations between perception and cognition. Nor is it surprising that such research spans traditional disciplinary boundaries and attracts the interest and efforts of researchers from the full spectrum of the cognitive sciences, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and others. This Research Topic aims to contribute to this expansive research project—the exploration of the perception/cognition interface—while respecting its essentially interdisciplinary character.

...

perception is suffused by cognition

Goldstone et al. (2011) investigate a specific perceptual mechanism that might be influenced by cognition: the extraction of distant similarities. They suggest that high-level cognition directs attention so as to modulate what they call “categorical perception.” They argue that perception is plastic and that “it is not just perceptual sensitivities that are driving the categories, but rather the acquired categories are also driving perceptual sensitivities, (p. 385).” They further emphasize: “There is little, if any, gap between perception and high-level cognition because perceptual systems adapt to fit the needs of high-level cognition, (p. 385).” Perception is suffused by cognition. Goldstone et al.'s account is based on the so-called feature-based approach to concepts; namely, the idea that concepts are composed of perceptual stimuli.

"perception is suffused by cognition"

"Goldstone et al. (2011) investigate a specific perceptual mechanism that might be influenced by cognition: the extraction of distant similarities. They suggest that high-level cognition directs attention so as to modulate what they call “categorical perception.” They argue that perception is plastic and that “it is not just perceptual sensitivities that are driving the categories, but rather the acquired categories are also driving perceptual sensitivities, (p. 385).”

I'm very glad you've found this Cahen and Tacca paper, "Linking Perception and Cognition," since the Goldstone paper I linked is not available online. I'm going to try to contact Goldstone to see if he will send us a copy of the paper; we can also search other publications by Goldstone online. Meanwhile, I find I'm unable to reach the Cahen and Tacca paper. Can you reset the link? Thanks.

I wonder if philpapers has a category listing papers on the perception-cognition relationship. Will look for it. This relationship is indeed highly ramifying for analytical philosophy of mind. I wonder if Livingston is following the development of this research. @Michael Allen and @Soupie might find this research to be a considerable challenge to their current premises and approaches to consciousness. If so, we might be in for an extensive and fruitful exchange.

 
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This reminds me to come back to a post by MA from a few days ago:

Quick reply... (from my phone)...so not complete. Answering the question with a question: are open systems complete? In other words is it possible to have a comprehensible and believable story of consciousness unfurl within the same world as that which gives consciousness it's ability to experience it's own unfurling? Do philosophers run away from closed systems?

These are interesting questions, which I'll try to respond to as best I can.

1. "are open systems complete?"

From what I've read concerning complex systems theory my impression is that complex systems are not generally considered by physicists to be 'complete' in themselves and thus 'closed'. Rovelli has written about the interactions of physical fields that first disrupt the order intrinsic to each of them and subsequently lead to their integration into more complex systems regaining a kind of higher, mutual, order. @Pharoah has written about Rovelli's ideas in the past here, and I hope he'll rejoin this discussion to contribute to our understanding of R's research.

It seems logical to me that if complex fields/systems in nature interact and integrate with one another, no such system can be said to be complete in itself or 'closed', and that as a consequence the universe as a whole -- as a System of systems -- can no longer [ETA: cannot in our time] be thought to constitute a Closed System. In one of Rovelli's papers that I read at least ten years ago, he stopped short of being willing to say that any form of consciousness is involved in the interaction and integration of physical fields, [ETA: but he did suggest that some kind of 'awareness' seemed to be implied in interactions of these fields. Note that he did not to my recollection use the word 'awareness' either. I'll try to find and link that paper].

Evan Thompson has identified embodied consciousnesses as complex dissipative structures or systems. @Soupie has read Thompson's
Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind more recently than I have and can probably guide us in our understanding of that book. And Steve @smcder has read Thompson's most recent book --

Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in
Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy --
and can help us to incorporate what Thompson offers there into our understanding of the complex interface of perception and cognition. The latter book will likely take us more fully into the grounds of that interface as it is generated in the subconscious mind, in what phenomenology recognizes as 'prereflective experience', but I'll wait to see. (I did purchase that book a while back, but it's still on my to-read shelf.)

Anyway, my impression so far from recent attention to and exploration of the perception-cognition link (or links) is that it finally takes us directly to consideration of the relationship between -- or of -- subconscious ideation and the categorically founded interpretation of how the mind 'functions' in analytical philosophy of mind.


2. "In other words is it possible to have a comprehensible and believable story of consciousness unfurl within the same world as that which gives consciousness it's ability to experience it's own unfurling?"

My first response to that question is 'why wouldn't that be possible?', but I respond of course from a phenomenological background that has long recognized that what we understand/think (and what we feel) are grounded in what we -- like all other protoconscious creatures -- experience in the world, in their/our environing situations. [sidenote: Stevens in one poem (or perhaps it's a lecture or paper) refers to the mind {in which he unquestionably includes consciousness} as developing a "pressure from inside" in response to "pressure from outside."] So to come back to the second question posed by MA, if consciousness and mind "unfurl" {and I like that word choice}, it seems obvious that they unfurl from contacts and interactions with that which lies outside them in the surrounding world, providing both opportunities to fulfill intrinsic needs and constraints that must be recognized, understood, and to the extent possible overcome. Consciousness is thus recognizable as a dialectical response, and mind as at best dialectical thinking, in which we, and all living species, are involved in accommodations to and reflections on that which is given in immediately experienced natural being, the sense of being emerging from nature in creatures capable of awareness of their situation and motivated by intrinsic desires to survive and indeed to thrive. Who, or what, would/could comprehend the situatedness of experienced being other than beings that experience their situatedness within a given context of being?

3. "Do philosophers run away from closed systems?"

It seems to me that, in general, analytical philosophers have preferred to think within closed systems and phenomenologists {in studying experience closely} are guided toward the recognition of open systems interacting across supposed boundaries between the physical and the mental.
 
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I'd like to link again to the NDPR review of David Woodruff Smith and Amie L. Thomasson (eds.), Phenomenology and Philosophy of Mind by Shaun Gallagher because it brings together many threads in our review to date of various theories about and approaches to the investigation of what consciousness is. It's at this link:

Consciousness and the Paranormal — Part 10

The table of contents of that book is copied at the following post.
 
The following paper should also clarify the philosophical project of MP as it relates to but goes beyond the premises of a recent turn toward his explication of 'embodied consciousness' in terms of 'embodied cognition' as employed in recent cognitive science:

Merleau-Ponty and Embodied Cognitive Science
Christopher Pollard
Discipline Filosofiche 24 (2):67-90 (2014)

Abstract: What would the Merleau-Ponty of Phenomenology of Perception have thought of the use of his phenomenology in the cognitive sciences? This question raises the issue of Merleau-Ponty’s conception of the relationship between the sciences and philosophy, and of what he took the philosophical significance of his phenomenology to be. In this article I suggest an answer to this question through a discussion of certain claims made in connection to the “post-cognitivist” approach to cognitive science by Hubert Dreyfus, Shaun Gallagher and Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson and Eleanor Rosch. I suggest that these claims are indicative of an appropriation of Merleau-Ponty’s thought that he would have welcomed as innovative science. Despite this, I argue that he would have viewed this use of his work as potentially occluding the full philosophical significance that he believed his phenomenological investigations to contain.


ETA" Of interest here, note 18 in that paper:

"18 Merleau-Ponty’s view here is complex but the basic idea is that the sharp distinction between claims regarding empirical facts as ‘probable’ and (transcendental) claims regarding essential structures as ‘certain’ is not defensible. This is because phenomenological analysis reveals that ‘reflection’ – the ‘founded’ – stands in a ‘two-way relation’ with ‘the unreflective’ – the ‘founding’. The reflective articulation of an ‘essence’ must be understood as ‘an intellectual taking over, a making explicit and clarifying of something concretely experienced, and a recognition that it comes after something else, from which it starts is [as] essential to its nature’.
 
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The paper abstracted at the link below looks interesting and relevant to our discussions of consciousness studies in general and especially as relevant to the questions posed by @Michael Allen referenced in one of my posts today:

Stud Hist Philos Sci. 2015 Aug;52:55-66. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.013. Epub 2015 Jun 18.

State of the field: Are the results of science contingent or inevitable?
Kinzel K1.

Abstract: This paper presents a survey of the literature on the problem of contingency in science. The survey is structured around three challenges faced by current attempts at understanding the conflict between "contingentist" and "inevitabilist" interpretations of scientific knowledge and practice. First, the challenge of definition: it proves hard to define the positions that are at stake in a way that is both conceptually rigorous and does justice to the plethora of views on the issue. Second, the challenge of distinction: some features of the debate suggest that the contingency issue may not be sufficiently distinct from other philosophical debates to constitute a genuine, independent philosophical problem. And third, the challenge of decidability: it remains unclear whether and how the conflict could be settled on the basis of empirical evidence from the actual history of science. The paper argues that in order to make progress in the present debate, we need to distinguish more systematically between different expressions that claims about contingency and inevitability in science can take. To this end, it introduces a taxonomy of different contingency and inevitability claims. The taxonomy has the structure of an ordered quadruple. Each contingency and each inevitability claim contains an answer to the following four questions: (how) are alternatives to current science possible, what types of alternatives are we talking about, how should the alternatives be assessed, and how different are they from actual science?

State of the field: Are the results of science contingent or inevitable? - PubMed - NCBI

Unfortunately the paper appears to be available only behind a paywall at Elsevier, but I'll do a general search for it anyway and repost if I find a link to it.

ETA: Ah, here is a link to the Kinzel paper downloadable from the archive at philpapers.org:

Katherina Kinzel, State of the field: Are the results of science contingent or inevitable? - PhilPapers

 
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Synchronistically popped up in my feed this morning: (available on Academia.ed)

Anita Pacholik-Żuromska
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Department of Cognitive Science and Epistemology, Faculty Member
Bridging East and West. In the Search for a New Approach to Consciousness. Remarks on the sidelines of the book by Evan Thompson Waking, Dreaming, Being. Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy, Columbia University Press, New York 2014, pp. 496

The aim of this paper is a short overview of the book of Evan Thompson Wak ing, Dreaming, Being. Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy, with some polemic remarks. Thompson presents an interest ing approach to the problem of cognition, knowledge and selfknowledge – the problems considered in philosophy, psychology, neurosciences, which – if they interact – create an interdisciplinary platform called " cognitive sci ences ". However, Thompson proposes to bring on the debate within the field of a new discipline: contemplative neuroscience, for which he argues...
 
Yes. I believe I do follow this argument. It is not unlike the argument @Michael Allen has been making and the "perspectival" argument I have been exploring.

I think it's worth following the argument as closely as possible and to the very and bitter end ... he explains things several different ways and then concludes:

"Though I will not develop these arguments here, however, I do think there are two broad ways in which one can argue for this irreducibility on principled grounds connected to what is plausibly the structure of these functions themselves. The first way would be to argue that because the presentational phenomena are, just as such, “semantic” in the sense first used by Tarski to characterize truth, the functions that characterize them exhibit an essential “meta-logical” irreducibility to (first-order) “syntactic” structures or systems.51 On this sort of position, just as Tarski demonstrated that truth must be irreducible to the syntax of an extensional language, so, and for essentially similar reasons, the presentational phenomena might actually be seen as irreducible to the extensional description of facts. Monism on the level of these facts themselves could, however, naturally be preserved; and the metalogical implications of “diagonalization” (in the sense in which Tarski’s theorem applies it) would themselves suffice to guarantee the real irreducibility of consciousness as presentation. The analogy considered here – between the irreducibility of the mental to the physical, on the one hand, and the irreducibility of semantics to syntax, on the other – is actually offered by Davidson in his original defense of anomalous monism, in “Mental Events.”52 But rather than applying it, as Davidson does, to considerations about law and causation, the present considerations appear to suggest its use to establish the actually ontological conclusion of the irreducibility of presentation to the totality of what is presented, while monism is nevertheless preserved.

The second way might be to appeal to broadly “Kripkensteinian” considerations about the application of the “content” of a presentation across cases, including (as we have seen) the variety of possible worlds, considered as actual. If, as Kripke interprets Wittgenstein as arguing, any attempt to capture this application by means of a finitely stated rule leaves open the skeptical possibility of a (purportedly) “non-standard” application in a new case, smcder this is also an interesting argument "plus or quus?" then the actual pattern of application that is embodied in this content cannot in general be reduced to such a finite statement.53 This is perhaps why Wittgenstein says that, although any provision of a rule appears to demand another rule for interpreting that one, there is nevertheless a way of “grasping a rule” which is “not an interpretation” but rather turns on “what we” call following or going against the rule as we proceed from case to case.54 As I have suggested in connection with primary intensions and individuating functions, the collective first-personal “we” here may indeed be essential: it is not possible in general to account comprehensively for what is involved in a conscious presentation – that is, to account exhaustively for what it in fact determines, across possible worlds considered as actual – purely in third-person or indeed in simply extensional terms, and the irreducibility of presentational content as such to these terms would then once more be vindicated. It would be a further and welcome exegetical consequence of this that, far from repudiating or rejecting the idea of the essentiality of “inner” or consciously presented contents of thought, Wittgenstein’s considerations would rather be seen as pointing out, in a profound way, their real ontological character."
 
"The aim of this paper is a short overview of the book of Evan Thompson Wak ing, Dreaming, Being. Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy, with some polemic remarks. Thompson presents an interest ing approach to the problem of cognition, knowledge and selfknowledge – the problems considered in philosophy, psychology, neurosciences, which – if they interact – create an interdisciplinary platform called " cognitive sci ences ". However, Thompson proposes to bring on the debate within the field of a new discipline: contemplative neuroscience, for which he argues...

I'm interested in reading this but all that is accessible at the moment at academia.edu is what you posted of the abstract and the conclusion of the last sentence of it: ". . . . in the presented book. Using the methodology offered by this new kind of science he analyzes such phenomena as dream, perception, imagination, and even dying – all of them in reference to the problem of what consciousness is."

Were you able to download the whole paper?
 
I'm interested in reading this but all that is accessible at the moment at academia.edu is what you posted of the abstract and the conclusion of the last sentence of it: ". . . . in the presented book. Using the methodology offered by this new kind of science he analyzes such phenomena as dream, perception, imagination, and even dying – all of them in reference to the problem of what consciousness is."

Were you able to download the whole paper?

I think so ... but I just finished restoring my PC - so let me check.

In the meantime, I came across this:

Interview with Taylor Carman | Figure/Ground

"You specialize in Continental philosophy, particularly Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty. What attracted you to these authors, and how did their reception in North America evolve since you first took an interest in them?

What attracted to me was, in a word, their effort to describe the non-rational aspects of our existence, which underlie and pervade our perception, our knowledge, and our understanding. They’re particularly good at not projecting the rationality of philosophical inquiry itself onto the phenomena they think philosophically about. That’s a pitfall of reflection, and one worth resisting.

The interpretation of Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty has changed a lot in the last 25 years. People are much less quick nowadays to lump them into this grab bag called “Continental philosophy,” which is a very inadequate category. People now recognize the important affinities between them and philosophers like Wittgenstein, and between phenomenology and cognitive and neuroscience."

They’re particularly good at not projecting the rationality of philosophical inquiry itself onto the phenomena they think philosophically about. That’s a pitfall of reflection, and one worth resisting.


@Constance what do you make of this?

I have not read the entire interview, it's been a busy couple of days and tomorrow will be busy, so it may be Wed before I can try to catch up ... but I'd like to know what you think.

S
 
They’re particularly good at not projecting the rationality of philosophical inquiry itself onto the phenomena they think philosophically about. That’s a pitfall of reflection, and one worth resisting.

@Constance what do you make of this?

The same point is made in one of the papers I linked yesterday, likely the Carman paper titled "The Inescability of Phenomenology." It reminds me (of course it does) of a few lines from the end of Stevens's "Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction" --

"...That's it: the more than rational distortion,
The fiction that results from feeling. Yes, that.

They will get it straight one day at the Sorbonne.
We will return at twilight from the lecture
Pleased that the irrational is rational,

Until flicked by feeling, in a gildered street,
I call you by name, my green, my fluent mundo.
You will have stopped revolving, except in crystal."

The statement similar to your extract, as I recall it, went on to recognize that 'rationality' begins in the reflective capacities of consciousness [funded by prereflective experience] and is a 'pitfall' of reflection to be avoided. I'll find out where I read that and let you know. Looking forward to reading the interview with Carman that you linked. :)
 
This reminds me to come back to a post by MA from a few days ago:



These are interesting questions, which I'll try to respond to as best I can.

1. "are open systems complete?"

From what I've read concerning complex systems theory my impression is that complex systems are not generally considered by physicists to be 'complete' in themselves and thus 'closed'. Rovelli has written about the interactions of physical fields that first disrupt the order intrinsic to each of them and subsequently lead to their integration into more complex systems regaining a kind of higher, mutual, order. @Pharoah has written about Rovelli's ideas in the past here, and I hope he'll rejoin this discussion to contribute to our understanding of R's research.

It seems logical to me that if complex fields/systems in nature interact and integrate with one another, no such system can be said to be complete in itself or 'closed', and that as a consequence the universe as a whole -- as a System of systems -- can no longer [ETA: cannot in our time] be thought to constitute a Closed System. In one of Rovelli's papers that I read at least ten years ago, he stopped short of being willing to say that any form of consciousness is involved in the interaction and integration of physical fields, [ETA: but he did suggest that some kind of 'awareness' seemed to be implied in interactions of these fields. Note that he did not to my recollection use the word 'awareness' either. I'll try to find and link that paper].

Evan Thompson has identified embodied consciousnesses as complex dissipative structures or systems. @Soupie has read Thompson's
Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind more recently than I have and can probably guide us in our understanding of that book. And Steve @smcder has read Thompson's most recent book --

Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in
Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy --
and can help us to incorporate what Thompson offers there into our understanding of the complex interface of perception and cognition. The latter book will likely take us more fully into the grounds of that interface as it is generated in the subconscious mind, in what phenomenology recognizes as 'prereflective experience', but I'll wait to see. (I did purchase that book a while back, but it's still on my to-read shelf.)

Anyway, my impression so far from recent attention to and exploration of the perception-cognition link (or links) is that it finally takes us directly to consideration of the relationship between -- or of -- subconscious ideation and the categorically founded interpretation of how the mind 'functions' in analytical philosophy of mind.


2. "In other words is it possible to have a comprehensible and believable story of consciousness unfurl within the same world as that which gives consciousness it's ability to experience it's own unfurling?"

My first response to that question is 'why wouldn't that be possible?', but I respond of course from a phenomenological background that has long recognized that what we understand/think (and what we feel) are grounded in what we -- like all other protoconscious creatures -- experience in the world, in their/our environing situations. [sidenote: Stevens in one poem (or perhaps it's a lecture or paper) refers to the mind {in which he unquestionably includes consciousness} as developing a "pressure from inside" in response to "pressure from outside."] So to come back to the second question posed by MA, if consciousness and mind "unfurl" {and I like that word choice}, it seems obvious that they unfurl from contacts and interactions with that which lies outside them in the surrounding world, providing both opportunities to fulfill intrinsic needs and constraints that must be recognized, understood, and to the extent possible overcome. Consciousness is thus recognizable as a dialectical response, and mind as at best dialectical thinking, in which we, and all living species, are involved in accommodations to and reflections on that which is given in immediately experienced natural being, the sense of being emerging from nature in creatures capable of awareness of their situation and motivated by intrinsic desires to survive and indeed to thrive. Who, or what, would/could comprehend the situatedness of experienced being other than beings that experience their situatedness within a given context of being?

3. "Do philosophers run away from closed systems?"

It seems to me that, in general, analytical philosophers have preferred to think within closed systems and phenomenologists {in studying experience closely} are guided toward the recognition of open systems interacting across supposed boundaries between the physical and the mental.



"Who, or what, would/could comprehend the situatedness of experienced being other than beings that experience their situatedness within a given context of being?"

Well said. Maybe that is the point. I don't know.

But I get the sense that we long for a more satisfying "story" -- my point is not that we don't already possess the complete story that simply doesn't exist, more like the point that we may be (emotionally) fundamentally unsatisfiable. We can possess all of the answers without having a sense of the questions that were supposed to be answered. It seems to me that it is possible for human consciousness to devise answers to itself for which questions are impossible to formulate in symbols or words--but this is a digression.

"Comprehension"
is something we like to pretend lies wholly within the realm of the light of logic and analysis. But its more likely hard-wired into the most basic instinctual elements of what we call "consciousness." My thesis is that we might already know the answers to the biggest questions we ask -- the problem (in my opinion) is the form of our questioning.
 
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Here's the Goldstone and Barsalou paper we were looking for:

Reuniting perception and conception
Robert L. Goldstonea, Lawrence W. Barsaloub

Abstract: Work in philosophy and psychology has argued for a dissociation between perceptuallybased similarity and higher-level rules in conceptual thought. Although such a dissociation may be justified at times, our goal is to illustrate ways in which conceptual processing is grounded in perception, both for perceptual similarity and abstract rules. We discuss the advantages, power and influences of perceptually-based representations. First, many of the properties associated with amodal symbol systems can be achieved with perceptually-based systems as well (e.g. productivity). Second, relatively raw perceptual representations are powerful because they can implicitly represent properties in an analog fashion. Third, perception naturally provides impressions of overall similarity, exactly the type of similarity useful for establishing many common categories. Fourth, perceptual similarity is not static but becomes tuned over time to conceptual demands. Fifth, the original motivation or basis for sophisticated cognition is often less sophisticated perceptual similarity. Sixth, perceptual simulation occurs even in conceptual tasks that have no explicit perceptual demands. Parallels between perceptual and conceptual processes suggest that many mechanisms typically associated with abstract thought are also present in perception, and that perceptual processes provide useful mechanisms that may be co-opted by abstract thought.  1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Keywords: Perception; Conception; Perceptual similarity; Symbol systems; Rule-based systems; Similarity-based systems

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.211.7875&rep=rep1&type=pdf
 
So these would be things that we do know that we don't know, or don't know that we do know? (See D. Rumsfeld)

Clifford Pickover:


If an alien comes to you and asks, "What is the most important question we can ask humanity and what is the best possible answer you can give?" the safest reply is, "You have just asked the most important question you can ask humanity, and I'm giving you the best possible answer."

;-)
 
"Who, or what, would/could comprehend the situatedness of experienced being other than beings that experience their situatedness within a given context of being?"

Well said. Maybe that is the point. I don't know.

But I get the sense that we long for a more satisfying "story" -- my point is not that we don't already possess the complete story that simply doesn't exist, more like the point that we may be (emotionally) fundamentally unsatisfiable. We can possess all of the answers without having a sense of the questions that were supposed to be answered. It seems to me that it is possible for human consciousness to devise answers to itself for which questions are impossible to formulate in symbols or words--but this is a digression.

"Comprehension"
is something we like to pretend lies wholly within the realm of the light of logic and analysis. But its more likely hard-wired into the most basic instinctual elements of what we call "consciousness." My thesis is that we might already know the answers to the biggest questions we ask -- the problem (in my opinion) is the form of our questioning.
Keep going ...

Sent from my LGLS991 using Tapatalk
 
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