The Universe of Things: On Speculative Realism // Reviews // Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews // University of Notre Dame
When Shaviro argues that Brassier and Meillassoux "aren't anticorrelationist
enough," therefore, this is because they continue to assume that thought always involves an intentional relationship to things beyond or outside this thought, a relationship that fails to be successful and hence meaningful for Brassier and is only meaningful by way of mathematical formalism for Meillassoux. If we push anticorrelationism far enough, then we also abandon the correlation between an intentional thought and its objective correlate.
We have what Shaviro calls "noncorrelational sentience," (133) an "immanent, noncognitive contact" (148) or "contact at a distance" (147),
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which Shaviro claims we are to think of "as a sort of sensibility, or sensitivity, without knowledge and without phenomenological intentionality" (147). We have, in short, an aesthetic appreciation that is irreducible to being understood in terms of the bifurcation of nature; and with this move, as well, we find Shaviro returning to Whitehead's claim "that 'the teleology of the Universe is directed to the production of Beauty'" (
Adventures of Ideas, 265; cited 20).
Let me close with a brief critical comment. Shaviro has done an excellent job showing how it is precisely aesthetics that is the branch of philosophy that takes seriously the view that
"reality escapes and upsets" our cognitive norms, leading us to speculate and "think outside our own thought" (67). A guiding premise of these arguments, however, is that thought is always finite and limited. Shaviro is straightforward on this point: "I accept Kant's insistence on finitude. There is no such thing as absolute knowledge" (136).
If a central concern of speculative realists is to move beyond the correlationism one finds in Kant, however, then why not push anticorrelationism
full stop and not only move beyond the epistemological correlationism Shaviro critically examines so masterfully in this book, but also move beyond the aesthetic correlationism Shaviro ultimately comes to support -- that is, the aesthetic correlation of a finite entity with the reality that exceeds, "escapes and upsets" this finite entity? Why not allow that for everything there are two sides, as Shaviro argues, but unlike Shaviro this would be in the tradition of Spinoza where these sides entail the absolute and infinite on one side and the relative and finite on the other. These arguments have been developed among philosophers with close affinities to speculative realism. Bergson, for instance, calls for an absolute knowledge in his
An Introduction to Metaphysics, and Deleuze will argue for the inseparability of the infinite and absolute from the finite and relative, drawing from Bergson at key points as he does so. Shaviro does refer to Deleuze in the final pages when he points to Deleuze's claim that there is an "object that provokes thought without letting itself be thought" (154), an object that is not a phenomenological correlate of thought. If one unpacks the nature of this object, however, one finds that rather than being in line with the speculative realism that still traces its roots to Kant and to Kant's embrace of finitude and limits, we have instead what one might call a dogmatic realism that traces its roots to Spinoza and to Spinoza's embrace of the infinite and the absolute
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