Hmm...Now I have made expert-sounding noises and must risk exposing my ignorance yet again. Based on what I know: Opioids have a substantial potential for physical habituation that varies greatly amongst
individuals (and even amongst various substances) . I think they can be a one-way downward path for some, a passing diversion for others, and often something in between. Or perhaps for rare individuals like Burroughs, a very unconventional but survivable lifestyle. I will quote what one of my Canadian in-laws once said in passing, that "Americans are paranoid about drugs." I disagreed strongly at the time, but have since come to think he was in some measure correct.
Essentially, yes. Assume for the sake of argument that everyone's idea of the power of positive thinking is that everyone else be tele-transported to the planet Mars. Discounting some kind of branching multi-verse scenario, the logical contradictions seem obvious.
The concept of individual free will as an emergent/subjective or as a fundamental phenomenon of nature has been discussed here in much greater depth than I could hope to exceed. It's my lay impression that what we know of the brain and its chemical and electrical substrates, and especially as the willful observer becomes entangled when attempting cause and effect processes at (duck!) quantum scales, free will as subjective/emergent seems more likely. But frankly, I'm skipping stones on water here and watching the spreading ripples, so to speak.
Essentially, yes. Assume for the sake of argument that everyone's idea of the power of positive thinking is that everyone else be tele-transported to the planet Mars. Discounting some kind of branching multi-verse scenario, the logical contradictions seem obvious.
I don't know any
traditions of magic that promise that kind of power. The definition of magic I've been using is change in
consciousness according to will, so the Harry Potter stuff is right out.
I recommend the John Michael Greer article I linked above for an overview of this definition of magic:
The Archdruid Report: A Preparation for Philosophy
which he argues is the historical one - or just Google John Michael Greer and magic or definition of magic.
This idea of magic could be seen as psychological - the use of techniques to alter aspects of consciousness that couldn't otherwise be affected and so the effect of magic is
indirect - change your attitude, change your actions and change (some part) of "the world". This is in the vein of what Norman Vincent Peale and Napoleon Hill and many others after them have offered. The tools used here are imagination and will. (Which, if you think about it, are the two tools anyone has to make changes in the world.) Or perhaps consciousness also has some
direct effect on the world, then changes in consciousness would have direct effects.
But the battle of wills aspect you suggest is in many (most?) mundane actions we take too.
Magic traditions also warn of unintended consequences, of getting what you want but in a quite unexpected and perhaps undesirable way. But this risk is inherent in any action. This book was written about the law of unintended consequences in technology:
Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences (Vintage): Edward Tenner: 9780679747567: Amazon.com: Books
There are various other rules in magic about what sort of things you should and shouldn't use magic to do, about trying to influence another person's will or cause harm (the three fold law) and about having a path to what you want as magic may use the path of least resistance.
For me, when I begin to think about what I want, what I really want and what I am willing to do to get it - then the problems of not only magic, but wanting begin to come clear.
One last note - we often ascribe to the subconscious tremendous powers in order to explain odd phenomena like synchronicities, it gets used a bit like the
branching multi-verse scenario i.e. conveniently.
I'll leave the free will matter to others, but I'm sympathetic to Isaac Bashevis Singer's take on it:
We must believe in free will — we have no choice