Randall
J. Randall Murphy
I'm not so sure about that. If you look, you can probably also find retractions and amendments in history, political science, education, marketing and finance. Outside of mainstream schooling, I know there have been amendments in ufology. Author Timothy Good initially published in his book Beyond Top Secret a segment on the MJ-12 documents, for which he followed up on in Beyond Top Secret explaining that most of them are probably fabrications. Perhaps some other Paracast members with experience in other topics can point to retractions and amendments in other fields.I don't idealize science so much as those are the very ideals of science. There would be the exact need for exactly that. If it were any other area of research, nobody would bother to retract anything.
I'd caution you against making absolutist statements. It will help avoid being labeled as overly biased, or falling victim to being proven wrong with only a single example ... like below.It's an ironclad testament to the power and influence of peer review and why it's necessary. Unfortunately, since science is the only mode of study that can present proofs effectively, it is the only mode of study in which peer review makes legitimate sense. Naturally, as a result, science is also the only mode of study that has to air its dirty laundry, which means people point at things like this and say, "see?!?"
Perhaps ... but I don't know what information you're looking at. What I see is that there are still problems, and according to the articles it doesn't seem to be getting better.What I see is that peer review is getting better as time goes on. That means that frauds are finding it harder to stay published. That means the facts are getting harder to muddy. What I see is science in action, cutting the fat and leaving the fact. What other mode of study can display that kind of quality and integrity?
- The article quoted in my last post that says, "A new study finds that fraud in scientific research is growing at a troubling rate."
- Another article here that says, "Pressure on scientists to publish has led to a situation where any paper, however bad, can now be printed in a journal that claims to be peer-reviewed ... University PR departments encourage exaggerated claims, and hard-pressed authors go along with them ..."
- Another here from 2012 that says: "Money corrupts peer-review process" ...
- I could add link after link after link ... how many more do you really need?
That's why a debate, between us, regarding the supernatural is impossible (though, I think it is impossible for anyone, dealing largely with unknowable factors). I understand your approach to study, but that doesn't mean I agree with it.
We're not debating the supernatural ( yet ). We're still establishing the ground rules by discussing the nature of truth, reality, and evidence and how that relates to what measure of belief we should put into anything, supernatural or otherwise. On that issue you've stated you believe that science is the "only mode" that can present proofs effectively. On that point, the counterpoint I made about mathematics was not addressed. Again, it uses no empirical evidence and as such is considered to be at least as philosophical as it is scientific, particularly in geometry, which dates back to the cult of Pythagoras. Philosophy also deals with other kinds of logic. As such it is clear that it can and does present proofs effectively. There is also the legal system, which may or may not rely on science, but still presents proofs effectively. Scientific skeptics would claim that the best evidence in the legal system is scientific evidence, but that isn't always true. Sometimes the scientific evidence is dismissed because it has been proven to have been faulty ( think radar detectors ). But regardless, it still "presents proofs effectively" and has it's own peer review process as well. Therefore science cannot be held up as the "only mode" that can present proofs effectively or displays a similar method of "quality and integrity".
Although it's admirable in that you romanticize the ideals of science by holding it up as a shining example of "quality and integrity" there are problems ( as cited above ). Nevertheless, science as a very valuable tool. Where and when science can be applied, then it should be applied. However when there are insufficient conditions to do it properly, then we need to apply other tools to the task. Surely when you say you disagree, you're not denying that investigation and logical analysis using such things as mathematics, philosophy, history and established scientific facts can advance us toward the truth ... are you?