These contentions are made again and again: 1. Jesus did not exist. 2. The gospels are forgeries and the result of complicities and conspiracies among, well, who? 3. Christianity, over many centuries, is the result of the same (?), different (?) complicities and conspiracies and forgeries, and cleanups of the New Testament, culminating in Constantine convening the ragged, dirty bishops to create a new god and new religion for his own political purposes. 4. All the preceding contentions are based, ultimately (I guess, from what I can gather), on Jesus being made up out of whole cloth/thin air from Egyptian stories, Indian stories, etc., etc. unendingly. Wow, a lot of people over a lot of centuries spanning lots of cultures, languages, etc. really did quite a job (somehow). I was going to bring up what stonehart wrote about in the post above, in response to the question for some outside sources/references to Jesus, outside being outside of the Gospels and the rest of the New Testament. It turned out stonehart mentioned them first, and for that I applaud him. So, the request from vesvehighfolk was for outside the Bible references. I did read stonehart's post. I read everything everyone has contributed. So here goes my list off the top of my head. By the way, the request was for references to Jesus, and what I want to establish is that Jesus EXISTED. I have striven mightedly to remain on topic in this thread. Again, I read stonehart, and applaud him, and no doubt will repeat some of what he wrote, but it will be my writing and words, with quotes only from the references themselves, not quotes demolishing the references. I wish we could write in our own words, our own thoughts, not just quote to suit. 1. Josephus wrote his Antiquities toward the end of the first century AD (the the late tens AD). He talks of John the Baptist, and of his prophecies and baptisms, and his execution when Herod ruled. He identifies James as "the brother of Jesus who was called Christ." He talks of the important role that James played in the Jerusalem church in the middle first century. Josephus writes a paragraph about Jesus:
"At this time there appeared Jesus, a wise man. For he was a doer of startling deeds, a teacher of people who receive the truth with pleasure. And he gained a following both among many Jews and among many of Greek origin. And when Pilate, because of an accusation made by the leading men among us, condemned him to the cross, those who had loved him previously did not cease to do so. And up until this very day the tribe of Christians, named after him, has not died out."
2. The Talmud, hostile to Jesus, writes of a sexual scandal about Jesus's mother Mary. It says Jesus was "hanged" on Passover after a trial. He was executed "for leading the people astray," "apostasy," and "sorcery."
3. Suetonius, a Roman historian of the early one hundreds AD (second century AD) writes about the emperor Claudius expelling the Jews from Rome and gives the reason as "the instigation of Chrestus," the belief in Chrestus.
4. Pliny the Younger, the governer of the province of Bithynia in the Black Sea area, regularly wrote letters to the emperor Trajan early in the one hundreds AD. He writes of the Christians' activities and of their practice of singing songs "to Christ as to a god."
5. The Roman historian Tacitus, also early second century AD, wrote: "Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilate, and a deadly superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out, not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but also in the city, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world meet and become popular."
6. Lucian, a Roman writer of satires, lived from AD 120-180, and in The Passing of Peregrinus, writes of Jesus as "the one whom they still worship, the man who was crucified in Palestine because he introduced this new cult into the world....... their first lawgiver persuaded them that they are all brothers of one another after they have transgressed once for all by denying the Greek gods and by worshipping that crucified sophist himself and living under his laws."
The points where these sources converge together are as follows: 1. the title Christos as a name (Josephus, Suetonius, Tacitus, Pliny). 2. Jesus's location in Palestine/Judaea (Josephus, Talmud, Tacitus, Lucien). 3. his execution (Josephus, Tacitus, Talmud, Lucian). 4. the movement of his followers persisting and growing and carrying his name (Josephus, Suetonius, Tacitus, Pliny, Lucien). 5. Jesus's death under Pontius Pilate (Tacitus, Josephus). 6. his death under Tiberius (Tacitus). 7. that Jewish leaders were involved in his execution (Josephus, Talmud). 8. that Jesus worked wonders (Josephus, Talmud). 9. Jesus was a teacher (Josephus, Talmud, Lucian).